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托福聽力零基礎怎么練 托福聽力打基礎聽寫方法指點( 二 )


And does fear play a role?
So she and colleagues did an experiment in which participants had to say how big a spider in a photo was on a scale from housefly to goat.
And the subjects who were afraid of spiders consistently rated the arachnids as larger than did the non-phobic participants.
But the spider-phobes did not miscalculate the size of butterflies or birds.
Nor did they see wasps as larger-than-life, even though wasps can be dangerous.
The estimation error was spider-specific.
It seems our emotions drive us to experience the same world in very different ways.
The results are in the journal Biological Psychology.
"Now we can ask the question of what causes what?
Is it the fear of spiders that makes you see them as larger, or first you see them as larger for some reason and because of it you start being afraid of them?"
If it's the latter, then perhaps spider-phobes can be trained to more accurately judge the size of the arachnids, and maybe that could ease their worries.
Some might even come to see spiders as actually kind of cool—or at least not downright terrifying.
“我們看到蜘蛛是在實驗室里,我真的非常害怕這種生物 。
因此我就沖她大喊大叫讓她把蜘蛛弄走,因為她不害怕 ?!?br /> 班古里昂大學的內蓋夫心理學家塔里·勒博維奇談論著自己和同事的經歷 。
“我的同事說,蜘蛛那么小的個頭,你怎么會害怕呢?
而我說,不,它很大的!她說蜘蛛很小,但我則說很大 。
隨后我們開始爭論起來 。而為了證明孰是孰非,我們開始了這項研究 。
勒博維奇并沒有按照常理出牌去研究蜘蛛 。
但這次被蜘蛛嚇到的經歷讓她對人類的大腦如何理解大小產生好奇—究竟是哪些因素對我們評判事物大小的標準產生影響呢?
恐懼是否也在其中起到關鍵作用呢?
因此她和同事們進行了一項實驗,參與其中的試驗者們必須說出照片中從家蠅到山羊相大小的蜘蛛到底有多大 。
相比不害怕蜘蛛的受試者,對蜘蛛感到害怕的人認為這種生物更大一些 。
但蜘蛛恐懼癥者并不會錯誤判斷蝴蝶或鳥類的體型 。
而且盡管黃蜂非常危險,他們也不會認為黃蜂比實際要大一些 。
這種錯誤的估計只針對蜘蛛 。
似乎我們的情感驅使著我們用不同的方式體驗著同一個世界 。
這項研究已在《生物心理學》雜志上發表 。
“現在我們可以探究原因,是什么原因造成這種情況呢?
是因為對蜘蛛的恐懼讓你覺得它們看起來很大,還是第一次見到蜘蛛就覺得它們體積較大令你害怕?”
如果是后者,那么蜘蛛恐懼癥也許可以通過訓練更準確地判斷蜘蛛的大小,這樣也許能緩解他們的擔憂 。
有些人甚至認為看到蜘蛛很酷啊—至少不是很害怕 。

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